Varicose veins in the legs: symptoms and treatment

16 July 2025

With varicose veins in the legs, symptoms and treatment are associated with each other.This is a generalized vascular disease, accompanied by a weakening of the apparent valve.Everyone listened to varicose veins, and most people have an idea of how dilated vessels look at their feet.But you must know about the initial signs of the disease and the rules for the prevention of pathology.

Why it arises

The varicose disease of the lower extremities develops under the influence of various factors.The main causes of pathology:

Hereditary predisposition.With congenital deficiency of connective tissue development, the valves suffer.They cannot perform their functions, to prevent a reverse blood flow.As a result, stagnation develops, the vessels expand and deform, increase the probability of blood clots.
Characteristics of the Constitution.Excess weight leads to an increase in veins load.The walls of the vessels weaken, lose tone and elasticity.The probability of developing pathology in people with excessive body weight increases by more than 33%.
Life and nature of work.Varicosis appears from a long stay in standing position, due to excessive physical effort.In women, with a frequent use of high roof shoes.The causes of varicose veins include the use of tight linen, including a sock, which leads to the compression of large veins in groin and the violation of the normal blood circulation of the lower extremities, insufficient physical activity, work in the same position.
Hormonal balance violation.A change in the number of estrogens and gestagen in human blood can lead to a decrease in the tone of blood vessels.Prolonged use of hormonal oral contraceptives, drug use during menopause, etc., can cause a pathology.
Pregnancy.Growth fruit leads to the compression of blood vessels, the development of blood stagnation in pelvic organs and legs.

The establishment of the cause of the varicose veins and its elimination will help avoid the progression of pathology and the development of complications.

Classification

The varicose disease of the lower extremities is found in both women and men.It is characterized by a progressive course in which the following degrees and types of varicose veins in the legs are distinguished:

Compensation stage.During this period, the patient has no complaints about deterioration in the well.The initial manifestations are visualized: in one or both legs in the leg area, expanded ships are displayed.
Subcompensation stage.There are complaints about leg pain, the feeling of explosion, seizures.The legs swell, especially at the end of the working day.
Decompensation stage.The patient's condition worsens, complications are developed: dermatitis, eczema, hyperpigmentation, trophic ulcer.

With varicose veins, the classification includes the following varieties:

Local defeat.The segmental veins are involved in the pathological process.The reflux (reverse blood) is absent.
Segmental defeat.A pathological blood discharge appears in which superficial or communicative veins are involved.
Common damage to superficial veins with reflux.Varicose veins in men are manifested by damage to all superficially located vessels.Very often on both legs at the same time.
Participation in the pathological process of deep veins.

Types of varicose veins of the lower extremities according to the international classification:

Class 0. Lack of complaints and visible manifestations of the disease.
Class 1. A venous mesh appear, vascular stars.The first complaints about the deterioration of the well.
Class 2. Extended blood vessels are displayed under the skin.
Class 3. As a result of blood stagnation, the swelling of the ankles and legs appears.
Class 4. Due to circulatory disorders, signs of lipermatosis are developed.
Class 5. The damage to the epidermis occurs, the skin is easily injured, badly heals.
Class 6. Trophic ulcers are formed.

Symptoms and signs

The first signs of varicose veins in women are the appearance of telangiectasius or vascular stars.At first, it is extremely difficult to notice them, since they are single and are located more frequently in the back of the bottom of the leg or under the knee. After a long stay in the legs or the use of high tub shoes, severity and small swelling.Varicose veins in men are characterized by the rapid fatigue of the legs.

Gradually, the patient's condition is aggravated, the symptoms of varicose vessels are visible to the naked eye.The veins swell, become sinuous and bugas, and the cramps appear.Skin sensitivity decreases.At night, seizures are not excluded.Swelling is more pronounced.

The expansion of the veins leads to circulatory disorders, the tissues experience an oxygen deficiency and nutrients.Trophic disorders are produced, the skin becomes soft, bright, pale.Signs of varicose veins in men: swelling does not happen even after a long vacation.Itching appears, dermatitis.

With severe varicose veins, symptoms include the formation of trophic ulcers that do not stick in the ankles area.This threatens the connection of secondary microflora and the development of the infectious and inflammatory process.In the leg, varicose veins are often complicated by the development of thrombophlebitis - inflammation of vascular walls.A local increase in temperature in the field of surveys is possible, as well as subfebrilee.

Diagnosis

The varicose disease is established according to the results of the collection of an anamnesis and the patient's visual examination.To clarify the stage of the disease, the prevalence of the pathological process, the characteristics of the blood flow, the presence of collaterals, the reflux, the condition of the valve apparatus requires an additional examination of the patient.

Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities

With the varicose veins of the lower extremities, it is necessary to do:

Duplex scan or angioscan ultrasound.It allows to obtain an image of a blood vessel in its entire length, determine the presence of extensions and the reverse blood flow, the condition of the valves.
Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities using a contrast agent.If varicose veins are produced, phlegography is necessary to establish the obstruction of the superficial or deep vessels in the legs.The study is required before surgery to determine the method and volume of surgery.
CT or MRI with contrast.It allows you to obtain a series of images by which the passage of the blood vessels, the degree of expansion, the condition of the valve apparatus, the presence of collaterals, etc.

With varicose veins, laboratory tests are necessary to evaluate the rheological properties of blood and other indicators.To do this, you must deliver:

General blood analysis.In the presence of an inflammatory process, erythrocyte settlement rate increases, leukocytes increase.
A coagulogram, a wolf sovicoagulant, etc.It allows us to establish a tendency to increase thrombosis, a state of coagulant blood systems and anti -impressed.

How to treat

It is necessary to treat varicose veins in men in the legs in an integral way.The therapeutic scheme develops taking into account the stage of the disease, the prevalence of the pathological process, the presence of complications and other factors.

Conservative methods to treat varicose veins without surgery are used in the initial stages of the disease.With your help, you can stop the progression of pathology, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, increase the tone and elasticity of the veins, normalize blood circulation and prevent the development of congestive phenomena.

An important role in the treatment of the disease is played by using compression knit garments.Special firing products in the soil provide alternating pressure over the entire length of the legs, do not allow blood stagnation, support the muscles and prevent edema development.You must use them after a night of rest without leaving the bed.Knit clothes are selected individually for a person, since each product has a different degree of compression.

What doctor treats varicose veins?

Turn the doctor with varicose veins in the legs is necessary as soon as possible.To do this, you must find out which doctor treats the varicose veins.Therefore, in the first place, you must go to the local therapist or the family doctor.After the exam, the specialist will give a reference for a consultation to the doctor who deals with the varicose veins, is called phlebologist.This is a narrow specialist dedicated to vain diseases.

If a doctor specializing in varicose veins in a clinic or in a hospital is absent, an Angiologist or surgeon is dedicated to the treatment of all types of vessel pathologies.

If necessary, surgical treatment for varicose veins in the legs should consult a vascular phlebologist or surgeon.In the district hospital, a common profile surgeon is involved in such problems.

How to cure medication

You can cure varicose veins without surgery only in the initial stages of the disease.For this, the following drug groups are required:

Phlebotonics.Affect the condition of vascular walls.Increase their density, reduce the fragility and permeability of the capillaries, increase tone and elasticity, have angioprotective properties.Restoring normal blood flow through the vessels, stimulates the output of lymph.
Anicoagulants and anti -agentes.Normalize the rheological properties of blood.Diligate, prevent blood clots.Used to prevent complications.
AntioxidantsAccelerate the excretion of toxins and other harmful components of the human body.It beneficially affect the condition of the hematopoietic system.These are ginkgo extracts, multivitamin complexes.
Anti -inflammatory drugs.They help relieve pain, inflammation, gravity, the sense of explosion, edema and other unpleasant manifestations of pathology.You must use them carefully, no more than 10-14 days.This is due to the fact that medications have an adverse effect on the condition of the digestive tract, it can cause an exacerbation of peptic ulcer.For VRV, they can be used in a solution for intramuscular injection, tablets for oral use and rectal suppositories.

You should treat varicose veins for a long time, for several months.Mandatory is taking phlebotonic in the summer, since at this time the human body, including blood vessels, experiences a greater load.

The effective treatment of varicose veins includes the use of ointments and gels for external use.They need to be rubbed in the pathologically expanded veins area several times a day.Medications activate microcirculation, use tissue restoration at the cellular level.

How to get rid of the disease with the help of popular remedies

With varicose veins in the legs, the treatment includes the use of popular remedies.They can be used as an addition to traditional pharmacological therapy.They help get rid of varicose veins in a short time: stop the progression of pathology and improve the patient's good.

You can treat varicose veins in women who use the following popular remedies:

Tomato compresses.To do this, you can use tomatoes of any degree of maturity.Several fruits with rings must be cut, attach to vessels and advanced nodes, fix it.After a while, a small ardor feeling must appear in this place, after which the compress must be removed and the legs must be rinsed.To combat varicose veins with this method, it owes at least 2-3 weeks.
Rubbing lemon.Citrus fruits have a pronounced tonic effect.To carry out the procedure, you must cut a lemon portion and rub on the epidermis.
Chestnut tincture.To prepare the medication, fruits must be chopped, put in a glass container.Fill with vodka or alcohol diluted in half.Place the container in a dark and fresh place, beat periodically.Spend at least 1 month.You must take the medication of 5 to 10 falls 3-4 times a day.It is necessary to treat varicose veins in the legs in men with chestnut tincture for 2-4 months.
Apple vinegar 6%.The tool tones the vessels and strengthens its walls, helps eliminate edema.It is used to rub on the skin, the procedure must be done with varicose veins regularly, for several weeks.
Kalachoe compress.It helps eliminate a slight expansion of the veins in the legs of men.To prepare the medication, you must take several leaves of the plant, grind and pour diluted alcohol.The tool insists on 7-10 days.Use to apply compresses: Place the dough in the cotton section of the tissue, place in the area of the sick vessels, cover with a plastic bag at the top, wrap and strengthen.The varicose is about for a long time, several weeks.It is advisable to do the procedure at night so that medicine acts as long as possible.

Before using popular methods to treat varicose veins, it is necessary to agree with a doctor.Some methods can damage more than good.

Surgical intervention

You can cure the varicose veins in the only way, with the help of surgical intervention.However, any operation is accompanied by some risks, so it is desirable to resort to it only with pronounced changes in the vessels.With the help of surgical treatment, it will be possible to completely eliminate varicose veins.

With varicose veins, the treatment is selected taking into account the characteristics of the disease course.The main methods:

Laser extraction.With the help of a ray, the problematic veins of a small diameter are sealed.The blood circulation stops in them, over time their light is growing.The singularity of the method consists in the accuracy of the exposure, the surrounding tissues are not damaged.The control is carried out using an ultrasound sensor.The procedure is under traumatic, does not require special training, is carried out in an outpatient basis.
Sclerotherapy.To eliminate varicose veins, a special substance is introduced in the light of the container - sclerosing.The medicine causes a fusion of the vein with its subsequent reabsorption.The procedure is carried out without pain relief, its duration does not exceed 30-40 minutes.After manipulation, the patient should wear special compression clothes for several days.Sclerotherapy is effective in the fight against stars and vascular networks, telangiectasias, dilated and knotted vessels, as well as in the severe course of the disease.
Miniple -commission.Small punctures are carried out in the skin through which the affected vessels are removed.The procedure is carried out under local or general anesthesia.Miniflebectomy is used in the fight against winding and defective veins.

How dangerous

Vascular diseases are systemic pathologies.The defeat of the veins of the lower extremities is easy to notice, but the process is often applied to other ships.Varicosis on women's feet is dangerous mainly, since it can change to pelvic organs.This threatens the development of complications during pregnancy.And during this period, many drugs are strictly prohibited for use.

Leg varicosis in men is dangerous, since the process can extend to the genitals, in particular, to lead to the expansion of the veins of the seed cord.This threatens the appearance of male infertility.

Other VRV complications are increasing the probability of blood clots and the blocking of blood vessels.The development of phlebitis is not excluded.The disease is dangerous and the formation of trophic ulcers.This is an open door for infection, wounds are badly cured due to deteriorated tissue blood supply.

Prevention

To prevent the development of the varicose veins of the lower extremities, it is necessary to monitor health from the early age.Disease prevention is more effective than treating legs with the development of complications.

To have good blood circulation, it is necessary to guarantee sufficient motor activity.If a person at work has been in the same position for a long time, a small warm must be made regularly.It is necessary to address in a responsible way the choice of shoes: it must be in a small heel (not exceeding 6 cm), comfortable, not to press the leg.

It is necessary to monitor the weight.Excessive mass is one of the predisposing factors for the development of the disease.In addition, it leads to a greater load in the blood vessels.Clothing should be made of natural fabrics.The use of underwear should be avoided too close to avoid tightening the main ships in the groin.

During hygiene procedures, it is advisable to use a shower, which allows the pressure and temperature of the water.With the help of these tricks, you can tone the vessels, activate blood flow.

It is advisable to do exercises or sports daily.It is not necessary to run a few kilometers at the same time, it is enough to visit the pool for your pleasure, make standing bars or bicycles.

Before using hormonal contraceptives, you should consult not only a gynecologist, but also a phlebologist, take hormone tests.If the level of female hormones in the blood changes, this can negatively affect the condition of the walls of the vessels.